Izilayishi zamavili ziphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima eziphawulwa yimithwalo enzima, iimpembelelo ezihlala zisenzeka, umhlaba ongalinganiyo, ukudleka kodaka namanzi, kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekayo; ngenxa yoko, iimfuno ezibekwe kwiirimu zazo zikhulu kakhulu kunezo zeerim zelori eziqhelekileyo. Iirim zomlayishi kufuneka zibe nesakhono esikhethekileyo sokumelana nemithwalo emi kunye neguqukayo, ukuxhathisa olomeleleyo kwimpembelelo kunye noguquko, ukutywinwa okugqwesileyo kunye nokuhambelana kwamatayara, ukubola kunye nokungagugi, kunye nokungcangcazela okuzinzileyo{1}}ukukwazi ukunyuswa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nokhuseleko lolwakhiwo kunye neemfuno zobomi benkonzo.
Ukuhlelwa ngokweNdlela yoLwakhiwo
| Uhlobo | Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo | Iingenelo | Izicelo ezifanelekileyo |
| {0}Iqhekeza elinye iirim | Yenziwe kwisiqwenga esinye sentsimbi engenazo izinto ezikhutshwayo | Isakhiwo esilula, amandla aphezulu, iindleko eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa | Abalayishi abancinci naphakathi{0}}abaphakathi, umsebenzi wokwakha jikelele, ulwakhiwo lwendlela kunye neendawo zemigodi ethe tyaba |
| Iirim{0}ezimbini | Iquka umzimba werim kunye neringi yokutshixa | Kulula ukufaka nokugcina; iyakwazi ukuhlalisa amatayara amakhulu | Izilayishi eziphakathi-zesayizi; izicelo ezifuna utshintsho rhoqo itayara |
| Iirim {0}ezithathu | Iquka amacandelo amathathu: umzimba werim, i-flange yangaphandle kunye neringi yokutshixa | Ukuqhawula ngokulula; ilungele amatayara amakhulu, anzima | Izilayishi ezinkulu zemigodi,{0}}izixhobo zobunjineli ezinomsebenzi onzima; iimeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo |
| Iirim-zegroove ezinzulu | Faka igroove embindini werim ukuququzelela ukufakwa kwamatayara | Amatayara anokufakwa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yezixhobo ezikhethekileyo | Izilayishi ezincinci,-eziphantsi koxinzelelo lwenkqubo yamatayara |
| Ukwahlula iirimu | Umphetho unokwahlulwa kunye nobubanzi bayo | Amatayara anokutshintshwa ngaphandle kokuqhawula umphetho wonke | Ezongezelelweyo-izilayishi ezinkulu zemigodi, iimeko ezifuna ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwamatayara |
Ukuhlelwa ngokweMathiriyeli kunye neNkqubo yokuVelisa
| Uhlobo | Izinto eziphathekayo | Inkqubo yokuvelisa | Iimbonakalo | izicelo ezifanelekileyo |
| Iirim zentsimbi | Intsimbi esemgangathweni (Q235/Q355) | isitampu kwaye sidityanisiwe | Ixabiso eliphantsi, amandla aphezulu, impembelelo{0}}iyaxhathisa, kulula ukuyilungisa | Uninzi lwabalayishi, iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima, iiprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo |
| Cast iirim zentsimbi | Isixhobo sentsimbi | phosa usebenzisa inkqubo yokuphosa | Umthwalo ophezulu kakhulu-umthamo wokuthwala, ulungele{1}}umthwalo onzima kakhulu | Izilayishi ezinkulu zemigodi, imisebenzi enzima{0}}enzima kakhulu |
| Iirim ezenziweyo | {0}}intsimbi enamandla | yenzekile | Ulwakhiwo oluxineneyo lweenkozo, ukomelela kunye nokuqina okudlula lee iirim | Ultra-iimfuno zamandla aphezulu, imisebenzi ebandakanya iimpembelelo rhoqo |
| Aluminiyam ialloy iirim | Ingxubevange yeAluminiyam | iphoswe/yixokisiwe | Ikhaphukhaphu (30–50% ikhaphukhaphu kunentsimbi), ubushushu obugqwesileyo bokulahla, ukubola -iyaxhathisa | Abalayishi abafuna isantya esiphezulu kunye nokulawulwa, izicelo zezolimo/ezilula kwimizi-mveliso |
| Iirimu zentsimbi yealloyi | Intsimbi ekhethekileyo ye-alloy | Udibanisa amandla kunye nokwakhiwa okukhaphukhaphu, ukugqwesa kwentsimbi esemgangathweni | Izilayishi{0}}eziphezulu, iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza |
Ukuhlelwa ngokweSicelo seSicelo kunye neMiba eKhethekileyo
| Uhlobo | Iimpawu zoyilo | Isicelo |
| Iirim zomthwalo ezisemgangathweni- | Uyilo oluqhelekileyo, olufanelekileyo kwimithwalo ngokubanzi | Abalayishi abancinci,{0}}umsebenzi wokuphatha imathiriyeli elula, ukwakhiwa kwedolophu |
| Enzima-iirim zomsebenzi | Isakhiwo esomeleziweyo, uyilo oluqinileyo | Izilayishi ezinkulu,{0}}umsebenzi wokuphatha imathiriyeli enzima (intsimbi ekrwada, amatye) |
| Iirim ezidadayo | Uyilo olubanzi lweflange ukunyusa indawo yoqhagamshelwano lomhlaba | Umsebenzi wezolimo, ukusebenza kwemigxobhozo, kunye nezicelo zomhlaba othambileyo ukunciphisa ukuxinana komhlaba |
| Anti{0}}iiriphu zokutyibilika | Uyilo olukhethekileyo kwicala langaphakathi leflange ukuthintela ukutyibilika kwamatayara | {0}Iimeko zokukhuhlana ezisezantsi ezifana nodaka okanye umphezulu womkhenkce |
| Iirimu zesiko | Yenzelwe imodeli ethile yomatshini okanye iimeko zokusebenza | Imifuziselo yomthwalo okhethekileyo kunye{0}}neendawo zokusebenza ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni (amahlathi, amazibuko, njl.njl.) |
Isishwankathelo seNgcebiso zoKhetho
- Izilayishi ezincinci (Ngaphantsi okanye zilingana neetoni ezi-5) → -intsimbi enye yeerimu
- Izilayishi eziphakathi-eziphakathi (iitoni ezi-5–15) →{3}}ezimbini okanye iirimu zentsimbi
- Izilayishi ezinkulu (Ezinkulu kuno okanye zilingana neetoni ezili-15) → -iziqwenga eziNtathu okanye iirim ezibunjiweyo