Abanini beemoto abaninzi bazifumana bekrazukile xa kufikwa ekutshintsheni amavili abo: yeyiphi engcono, amavili entsimbi okanye amavili alloy? Enyanisweni, akukho mpendulo iqinisekileyo kulo mbuzo. Omabini amavili entsimbi kunye nealloy anezawo zokuzuzisa, kodwa okoko nje ehambelana neemfuno zakho zokuqhuba, unokufezekisa amava okuqhuba owanqwenelayo. Amavili ensimbi kunye ne-alloy yintlobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zevili, ezinomahluko ocacileyo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukusebenza, iindleko kunye nokufaneleka kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku siza kushwankathela umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ngokweenkcukacha kwimilinganiselo emininzi, ukukunceda ukhethe amavili alungileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Umahluko phakathi kwamavili entsimbi kunye namavili aloyi
Izixhobo kunye neeNkqubo zokuVelisa
Amavili entsimbi enziwa ngokugximfizwa kunye nokuwelda intsimbi esezantsi{0}yekhabhoni. Ukwakheka kwazo yintsimbi{2}kusekwe, kunye nezixa ezincinci zemanganese, isilicon kunye nezinye izinto ezongeziweyo ukomeleza amandla. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwayo ilula kwaye ixabisa-iyasebenza, ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo asuka kuma-200 ukuya kuma-500 eyuan. Amavili e-aluminiyam alloy, kwelinye icala, aveliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuphosa (kwiimoto zabakhweli eziqhelekileyo) okanye ukubunjwa (kwimifuziselo{8}}ephezulu yokusebenza). Isixhobo sokuqala yi-aluminiyam{10}}isilicon{11}}ingxubevange ye-magnesium, ngelixa ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu{12}}zisebenzisa amandla aphezulu{13}enziwe ngealloyi ye-aluminiyam efana ne-7075. Inkqubo yokwenziwa inzima kwaye ifuna ukuchaneka okukhulu, ngamaxabiso ngevili ngalinye ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-yusi engaphezulu ye-3,00 yenguqulo kunye ne-3,00 ephezulu. Ngokweempawu ezisisiseko, ngokomlinganiselo ofanayo, amavili entsimbi anobunzima obumalunga ne-10–12 kg, ngelixa amavili e-aluminiyam alloy enobunzima obuyi-6–8 kg kuphela, emele umahluko wobunzima obumalunga ne-30%. Lo mahluko uchaphazela ngqo imiba eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kwesithuthi.
Iimpawu eziphambili zokuSebenza
Siza kuhlolisisa oku kwimiba emithathu ebaxhalabisa kakhulu abanini-moto: ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, ukuphatha kunye namandla. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kukho ukuvumelana ngaphakathi kwishishini lokuba 'i-1 kg yobunzima obungahluthwanga bulingana ne-5-10 kg ye-sprung weight'. Inzuzo ekhaphukhaphu yamavili e-aluminium alloy inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubunzima obungaxutywanga kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla; ngokwesiqhelo, ukwehla nge-10% kubunzima bubonke besithuthi kukhokelela ekwehleni kwe-6–8% kusetyenziso lwamafutha. Ebudeni bexesha elide{9}}lohambo lokuya ezidolophini, oku kungabangela ukongiwa okukhulu kwiindleko zamafutha ekuhambeni konyaka. Amavili entsimbi, kwelinye icala, anzima kwaye anokumelana okuphezulu kwe-inertial, ebeka umthwalo omkhulu kwi-injini. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ngeekhilomitha ezili-100 yi-0.3-0.5 ilitha ephezulu kunamavili e-aluminium alloy.
Ukuphatha
Amavili e-aluminium alloy lightweight anciphisa inertia ejikelezayo, ukuphucula ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi nge-0.3-0.5 imizuzwana kunye nokunciphisa umgama wokuqhawula ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqhuba ziva kukhaphukhaphu kwaye kusabela ngakumbi, kwaye lo mahluko uphawuleka ngakumbi ngexesha lokumisa rhoqo{3}}kwaye{4}}hamba uqhuba edolophini kwaye ujike kabukhali{5}}njengokubaleka abaqeqeshi abanobunzima obulula kakhulu kuneebhutsi zomkhosi ezinzima. Amavili entsimbi, ekubeni enzima, anika impendulo ebambekayo. Kwizantya eziphezulu, ukungalingani okuguquguqukayo okwaneleyo kunokubangela ukuba ivili lokuqhuba lingcangcazele, nto leyo echaphazela amava okuqhuba.
Ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide
Iirim zentsimbi zinika ukuqina okubalaseleyo; akunakwenzeka ukuba ziqhekeke xa zichaphazeleka, endaweni yoko zigrumba nje, kwaye zilula kwaye azibizi mali ukuyilungisa. Umzekelo, emva kokuguqulwa okungephi, zinokulungiswa kwaye ziqhubeke zisetyenziswa, zizenze zifaneleke kakhulu iimeko zendlela ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neendlela zegrabile kunye neendawo zokwakha. Kungenxa yoko le nto iirim zentsimbi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiilori kunye nezithuthi eziluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, iirim zentsimbi zithande ukuba nomhlwa, kwaye unyango oluqhelekileyo -lokuhlwa luyafuneka ngexesha{4}}lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide; kungenjalo, ubomi babo benkonzo buya kuba sesichengeni. Amavili e-aluminiyam alloy anobunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla acinezelayo angaphezu kwamavili entsimbi. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba owona mthwalo uphezulu -umthamo wokuthwala wamavili e-aluminiyam esetyenzisiweyo unokufikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-20, kanti amavili entsimbi anokumelana neetoni ezili-10 kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwentelekiso buthathaka kwaye zinokuba neentanda ezifihliweyo okanye ukuqhekeka phantsi kweempembelelo ezinzima. Iindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukutshintshwa kuyadingeka; ngoko ke, zifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwimigangatho{12} egangathiweyo yexesha elide.
Ukusebenza koKuchithwa kobushushu
I-aluminiyam i-alloy ine-conductivity ye-thermal ngaphezu kwamaxesha amathathu ensimbi, eyenza ukuba ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza ubushushu obuveliswa yinkqubo yokuqhawula kunye nokunciphisa i-thermal fade. Oku kubonelela ngokhuseleko olusebenzayo lwesixokelelwano seziqhoboshi, ngakumbi ngexesha{1}}lokuqhuba umgama omde, ukuqhoboshwa rhoqo okanye xa usihla ngemithamo emide, ngokwenjenjalo kwehliswa umngcipheko wokuvuthuza kwamatayara kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo zokuqhobosha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amavili entsimbi athembele ngokuyintloko ekuphumeni komoya ekuchitheni ubushushu, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekutshiseni ngokugqithiseleyo kweediski ze-brake ngexesha lokuqhomfa okuqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-braking.
Ukugcinwa kobuhle
Amavili entsimbi athanda ukuba noyilo olulula, oluyimonotonous kwaye kaninzi afuna izigqubuthelo zamavili ukuwafihla, ngelixa ukhetho lwawo lunqongophele. Amavili e-aluminiyam, kwelinye icala, eze kwiintlobo ezininzi zesitayile kwaye angabonisa uyilo oluntsonkothileyo olufana nolwakhiwo -oluthethwayo noluvulelekileyo{2}}oluthethiweyo. Idityaniswe nonyango olungaphezulu olunje ngechrome yokucwenga kunye nokugqitywa kwebrashi, banokuphucula kakhulu inkangeleko yesithuthi, esesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni belukhetho oluphambili lweemoto zosapho.
Ukuba ukuqhuba kwakho kolohambo lwasedolophini kunye nohambo lwemoto, kwaye ubeka phambili uqoqosho lwepetroli, ukuphatha kunye nenkangeleko, ngelixa unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olunesisa, amavili ealloy ngokungathandabuzekiyo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Ukusebenza kwabo ngokubanzi kuhambelana neemfuno eziphambili zemoto yosapho, kwaye banika uxolo lwengqondo olukhulu kwixesha elide. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, ukuba isithuthi sakho siqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukutsala imithwalo enzima, ukuphuma{2}ezindleleni, okanye ukuqhuba kwindawo engagangathwanga, kwaye unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo ngeli lixa ubeka phambili ukomelela kunye neendleko zokuzilungisa, ngoko ke amavili entsimbi aya kuba lolona khetho lusebenzayo. Ukuxhathisa kwabo okugqwesileyo kunye neendleko-ezisebenzayo zibenza bakwazi ukumelana bhetele neemeko zendlela ezicela umngeni.
Isishwankathelo kunye neZiphetho
Amavili entsimbi anika ixabiso elingcono lemali kunye nokuqina, ngelixa amavili e-alloy egqwesa ngokusebenza ngokubanzi; kananjalo akukho ngokwemvelo ukongama kunomnye. Xa usenza ukhetho, undoqo kukuqwalasela iimeko zakho zokuqhuba kunye neemfuneko eziphambili{1}}eyona ndlela ilungileyo yeyona ikufaneleyo. Nokuba ujonge ixabiso elisebenzayo lemali okanye ubeka phambili umsebenzi kunye nobuhle, xa sele uzicacisile iimfuno zakho, uya kuba nakho ukuphepha imigibe eqhelekileyo.